The Elements of Music
Music can be analyzed by considering a variety of its elements or parts (aspects, characteristics, features) individually or together. A commonly used list includes pitch, timbre, texture, volume, duration, and form. The elements of music may be compared to the elements of art or design.
According to Howard Gardner, there is little dispute about the principal constituent elements of music, though experts differ in their exact definitions. Harold Owen bases his list on the qualities of sound: pitch, timbre, intensity, and duration. But most definitions of music include a reference to sound and sound perception which can be divided into six cognitive processes. They are: pitch, duration, loudness, timbre, sonic texture, and spatial location.
A parameter is any element that can be manipulated (composed) separately from other elements or focused separately in an educational context. Leonard B. Meyer compares distinguishing parameters within music, such as melody, harmony, timbre, et cetera. The first person to apply the term parameter in music may have been Joseph Schillinger, though its relative popularity may be due to Werner Meyer-Eppler. Gradation is gradual change within one parameter, or an overlapping of two blocks of sound.
According to McClellan, two things should be considered, the quality or state of an element and its change over time. Allan P. Merriam proposed a theoretical research model that assumes three aspects are always present in musical activity: concept, behavior, and sound.
Meanwhile, Virgil Thompson lists the "raw materials" in order of their supposed discovery: rhythm, melody, harmony (including counterpoint and orchestration). Near the end of the twentieth century music scholarship began to give more attention to social and physical elements of music such as performance, social, gender, dance, and theatre.
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Picture from Pixabay.
According to Howard Gardner, there is little dispute about the principal constituent elements of music, though experts differ in their exact definitions. Harold Owen bases his list on the qualities of sound: pitch, timbre, intensity, and duration. But most definitions of music include a reference to sound and sound perception which can be divided into six cognitive processes. They are: pitch, duration, loudness, timbre, sonic texture, and spatial location.
A parameter is any element that can be manipulated (composed) separately from other elements or focused separately in an educational context. Leonard B. Meyer compares distinguishing parameters within music, such as melody, harmony, timbre, et cetera. The first person to apply the term parameter in music may have been Joseph Schillinger, though its relative popularity may be due to Werner Meyer-Eppler. Gradation is gradual change within one parameter, or an overlapping of two blocks of sound.
According to McClellan, two things should be considered, the quality or state of an element and its change over time. Allan P. Merriam proposed a theoretical research model that assumes three aspects are always present in musical activity: concept, behavior, and sound.
Meanwhile, Virgil Thompson lists the "raw materials" in order of their supposed discovery: rhythm, melody, harmony (including counterpoint and orchestration). Near the end of the twentieth century music scholarship began to give more attention to social and physical elements of music such as performance, social, gender, dance, and theatre.
x----x
Picture from Pixabay.
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